Muga silkworm cultivation is newly introduced in west. Muga silk is the product of the silkworm antheraea assamensis endemic to assam. Muga silk is a variety of wild silk geographically tagged to the state of assam in india. Young caterpillars are of greenishyellow in colour with black spots. Largescale production of muga silk is a daunting task due to insufficient yield of seed. Muga silkworm, seed, production, multivoltine, commercial rearing introduction assam has a unique position in the world sericulture map for production of vanya silk especially for muga silk production. Mulberry silk produced by mulberry silkworm is the 90% contributor of the worlds silk production. Muga silkworm culture is a traditional outdoor rearing practice adopted by people of north eastern states mainly assam. Studies were conducted for monitoring the insect pests infesting muga silkworm in the rearing field of muga silkworm seed organization, p3 seed station, central silk board, narayanpur during 2010 to 2011 under the agro climatic conditions prevailing in narayanpur, assam. Being a wonderful dress material for any improvement over existing seri cultural activities the researcher and administrator as a leader must had broad outlook. The silkworms are reared out door and as such are exposed to vagaries of nature.
Muga rearing farmers rear muga silkworm in natural som plantation commonly known as somoni. A study on the effective implementation of sericulture and. Hence, to combat crop failures and to introduce a seed linkage programme, with the initiative of muga silkworm seed organization, central silk board, guwahati, special seed zones for conducting muga rearing during summer in. Sericulture is an important labourintensive and agrobased cottage industry. Lepidoptera, saturniidae, muga silkworm, antheraea assamensis, rearing, improvement, disease, grainage. Coarse spun silk from northeast india, from silkworms reared on som persea bombycina king, soalu litsaea polyantha leaves collected from forests. Mar 11, 2015 mulberry silkworm rearing, being completely domesticated, demands specified environmental conditions like optimum temperature 2428oc and relative humidity 7085%. Muga farmers apply their traditional knowledge to identify suitable host plant for muga silkworm rearing. The experiments were conducted with an objective to standardize the indoor rearing practice of muga silkworm to avoid early instar loss. In this article we will discuss about the life cycle of various silk moths. Mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing a full guide. The silkworm is the larva or caterpillar of the domesticated silkmoth, bombyxmori latin. There were statistically differences among eri and muga silkworm pupae in terms of moisture, protein, crude fat, total ash, crude fibre, carbohydrate p silkworm rearing house 1. Tasar silk is generated by the worm of the silk month antheraea mylitta.
The silk produced is known for its glossy, fine texture and durability. Integrated muga silkworm indoor rearing technology includes leaf freshness technology lft. The silkworm rearing house should be located on an elevated place to avoid moisture migration from floor to rearing house, provide good cross ventilation, facilitate drainage of the water at the time of cleaning and disinfection. The muga silkworm rearing is conducted throughout the year six times year on som and soalu plantations. There is an increasing demand for new versatile biomaterials. Muga silk worm is multivoltine and 56 crops are raised in a year out of which two commercial crops jethua. Comparative study on the rearing performance of muga silkworm. The larvae of these moths feed on som machilus bombycina and sualu litsaea polyantha leaves. It is found in assam in northeast india where 99% of its production occurs. From time immemorial, many ethnic and tribal groups have produced muga silk.
India has the unique distinction of being the only country producing all the five kinds of silk mulberry, eri, muga, tropical tasar and temperate tasar. The rearing field is situated at the geographical location with. The experiments were conducted with an objective to standardize the indoor rearing practice of muga silkworm to avoid early instar loss and adverse climatic conditions. Pdf comparative study on the rearing performance of muga. Various methods for early instar indoor rearing of tasar silk worm were reported by. Department of zoology, gauhati university, guwahati. India continues to be the second largest producer of silk in the world. The source of it is the muga silkworm which goes back to the age of the dinosaurs. They classify the som plants in different groups based. One tree can be utilized for two rearing in a year alternately during spring and autumn, thus one full grown tree can yield cocoons in a year and 5 trees are required to produce 5000 cocoons which yield one kg. Silkworm rearing methods for beginners agri farming.
For disinfection, take the powder in a clean and thin cloth and then, dust it over the silkproducing worms at 5 gm per sq. Muga silkworm antheraea assamensis helfer is endemic to assam and adjoining areas in northeastern india, and naturally produces golden silk. Muga silkworm antheraea assamensis helfer indoor rearing by. Biren saikia abstract in order to understand the silkworm activities we have to travel in a wonderful world of sericulture. Layout, madivala, hosur road, bangalore 560 068, karnataka state, india. Muga silk rearing involves different types of activities like plantation and maintenance of plants, collection of seed cocoons, egg production, rearing of silkworms, cocoon production and marketing. In muga culture, the seed production is the most critical aspect that is considered as bottleneck in augmenting muga production. Muga silkworm antheraea assamensis helfer indoor rearing. Rearing of muga silkworm muga silkworm rear in out door on tree. The present paper describes the comparative rearing performance of muga silkworm under indoor and outdoor rearing conditions. Most of the studies are carried out on mulberry silk bombyx mori, however silk from indian nonmulberry silkworms are relatively unexplored. Pdf study the problems and prospects of rearing of muga. Comparative study on the rearing performance of muga silkworm under indoor and outdoor rearing conditions article pdf available december 2015 with 706 reads how we measure reads. Many farmers are putting off silkworm rearing by 10 to 15 days to avoid high temperatures during the commercial crop season from mid october to mid november.
The life cycle of mulberry silkworm completes in 4555 days, consists of stages egg, larva, pupa and moth. Applied zoology sericulture tumul singh department of zoology, udai pratap autonomous college, varanasi221002 contents. It is, therefore, necessary to evolve measures for economic cooling through a selection of proper material for wall and roof fabrication, the orientation of the building, using. Other commercial nonmulberry silks are eri silk, tasar silk, muga silk, spider silk etc. During the rearing period, they restrict entry of people to the rearing plot as they believe that the evil sight of outsider may cause mukhloga disease flacherie, a bacterial disease of muga silkworm 1,2. Scanning electron microscopy on the postembryonic development of the mouthpart sensory structures of the muga silk moth, antheraea assamensis revealed the presence of a variety of sensilla. The silk is known for its extreme durability and has a natural yellowishgolden tint with a shimmering, glossy texture.
The fact that sets this silk apart from all other versions is that it is totally golden yellow in color. Biodiversity of insect pests complex in muga ecosystem in. Pdf pmuga silkworm, antheraea assamensis helfer, generally reared outdoor on standing host trees for which it is always under pressure of. The following information is all about silkworm rearing. When it comes to the definition of the silkworm, it is the larva or caterpillar of the bombyx mori moth. It is an economically important insect, being a primary producer of silk. On an average 7585 eggs are laid by a single female. Applied zoology gelecegi onemseyenler dernegi gonder.
One of the rarest silks in the world is the muga silk from assam. Traditional practices and terminologies in muga eri culture. Materials and methods studies were conducted for monitoring the insect pests infesting muga ecosystem in. Indian market, some to world wide chinese tasar silk3,000. Several workers experimentally practiced indoor rearing of muga silkworm applying different types of rearing devices and, some of them reported effective over outdoor rearing. Indoor, outdoor, rearing, som, soalu, wooden tray, larvae, instars, dfls. But a particular species of silkworm produces its specific silk. During day time and night time, some predator attacks on 3rd to 4th instar of muga silkworm. For disinfectants, vijetha green, vijetha, and ankush are some silkworm disinfectants used in the silkworm farming or rearing. Muga silkworms are mostly wild unlike the mulberry silkworm, which is completely domesticated. Rearing performance of muga silkworm fed with leaves treated with selected chemicals. Home rearing of silkworm assam is the only place in the world where all commercially exploited varieties of silk viz.
Pdf on apr 1, 2011, rajesh kumar and others published muga silkworm, antheraea assamensis insecta. Factors affecting on quality muga silkworm antheraea assamensis. Antheraea assamensis, known as the muga silkworm as a larva and assam silk moth as an adult, is a moth of the family saturniidae. Silk is reported by many researchers as an ideal biomaterial for different biomedical applications. Mulberry silkworm rearing, being completely domesticated, demands specified environmental conditions like optimum temperature 2428oc and relative humidity 7085%. There were statistically differences among eri and muga silkworm pupae in terms of moisture, protein, crude fat, total ash, crude fibre, carbohydrate p ethiopia. Muga silk industry of assam in historical perspectives. Study the problems and prospects of rearing of muga silkworm antheraea assama westwood in boko, kamrup district of assam. Rearing of silkworm directorate of sericulture government. Muga silkworm rearing technology central muga eri research and. Silk gland fibroin from indian muga silkworm antheraea. Mulberry pat, eri, muga and oak tasar silk are produced.
The life cycle lasts for 50 days in summer and max. Global climate change and its impact on the productivity of. Studies on the influence of host plants and effect of chemical. It was previously reported that muga silk cannot be dyed or bleached due to low porosity, but. Nutrient properties of eri and muga silkworm pupae the nutrient properties of eri and muga silkworm pupae are given in the table 1. Silkworm rearing demands certain specific environmental conditions particularly of temperature and humidity. The types, distribution pattern of the sensilla remained almost the same in the different larval stages except for the number and dimension in some cases. A living from livestock research report home food and. Insect pests of muga silkworm, anthereae assamensis. The fecundity in muga silkworm is very poor for commercial rearing.
Numerous scanning microscopic studies on insect eggs in the external surface structure of the chorion have provided a precise understanding of the mechanism of fertilization and chemical composition of the chorion of some lepidoptera 5. Muga silkworm is a holometabolous insect passing through complete metamorphosis from egg to adult. Comparative study on the rearing performance of muga. Factors affecting on quality muga silkworm antheraea. Muga silkworm, revered in assam, and from which the globally famous assam silk comes, is endemic to the northeast region in india. Not only is the lifehistory of attacus more or less similar to that of bombyx but also the rearing technique and tools and materials are the same.
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